Modelling and validation of bus ride and handling model

Mohamed Naim, Ahmad Muzzammil (2022) Modelling and validation of bus ride and handling model. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

As part of the bus ride and handling model development, this project was focused on the modelling and validation of bus ride and handling models. The two-axle bus was utilised to develop the bus ride and handling model. For the bus ride model, the bus ride model equation was derived, which includes three degrees of freedom (DOF) for body motion, which is vertical, pitch, and roll, and four degrees of freedom (DOF) for unsprung mass, which is based on the vertical motion of each tyre. For the bus handling model, the bus handling model equation was derived, which includes three degrees of freedom (DOF) for the vehicle body, which is longitudinal, lateral, and yaw motion, and also another four degrees of freedom (DOF) that corresponds to the spin of each tire. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to simulate the developed bus ride and handling model. The model for the ride model in MALTLAB/Simulink is derived from one that involves the sprung mass, unsprung mass, tires, spring, and damper. The bus parameters are obtained from the bus manufacturer or from TruckSim. The developed ride and handling models are verified using the TruckSim software. For the ride model, the simulation will be simulated on a flat road when the left side of the tyre hits the 10 cm bumps at a speed of 90 km/h. The time for the front left tyre to hit the bumps is 0.4 seconds. For the handling model, two manoeuvring tests will be conducted, namely step steering cornering and single lane change, to investigate the bus handling response while the input of the handling model is steering wheel angle. The speeds that were needed to investigate for the handling model were at speeds of 60 km/h and 90 km/h. The output responses that needed to be discussed for the ride model were pitch angle, roll angle, and vertical acceleration, while for the handling model, the output responses that needed to be discussed were lateral acceleration, yaw rate, and side slip angle. The study findings reveal that the dynamic behaviour of the generated bus ride and handling model substantially resembles the dynamic behaviour of the TruckSim bus ride and handling model. For all the output response for both ride and handling models, the percentage variation in Root Mean Square (RMS) values between the two Simulink and TruckSim models is less than 5%. It gives assurance that the generated model established in this study may be used to develop a bus ride and handling model successfully.

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