Design and fabricate rollover warning device for bus

Mansi, Muhammad Zulfadhli (2022) Design and fabricate rollover warning device for bus. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Accidents involving bus rollover can be classified as one of the most fatal types compared to other types of vehicle accidents. There are various aspects that lead to occupant injury and fatality. This thesis discusses the design and fabricate of a Rollover Warning Device (RWD) for road vehicles, particularly those with a higher center of gravity height to track width ratio. The RWD use rollover index algorithm to basically learn dynamics of a road vehicle as well as estimate its immediate roll stability of dynamic states of the vehicle. The condition of dynamic roll stability, especially load transfer ratio (LTR), is applied as an input to an RWD based on the rollover index algorithm for the purpose of determining the value of rollover index. The project was developed using computer simulations and proved using testal data. Due to the device’s passive nature, which requires the driver to take corrective action, its effectiveness is restricted to assisting with risky moves that build gradually, such as those encountered during on-ramp maneuvers. MatLab software is used to modify and optimize the parameter of the block model of the rollover index algorithm. Meanwhile, TruckSim software is used to analyze the presented rollover trend warning system. This rollover index algorithm is developed based on the fastest time response proposed by previous researchers. The simulation of step steering maneuvers at different velocitys uses the MATLAB/Simulink software to determine the rollover index. As a consequence of the results, it can be concluded that Odenthal's rollover index algorithm gives the fastest rollover index based on the early warning indicator on the vehicle unit. The efficiency of the rollover index needs to be improved by using the Odenthal rollover index algorithm, which was modified and optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Finally, instead of lateral acceleration, a rollover index algorithm is proposed that integrates the modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm with driver steering and vehicle velocity inputs. The modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm's capability is tested by simulating step steering maneuvers at different velocitys and loads using the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation in the TruckSim driving simulator and the MATLAB/Simulink software. The test results show that the modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm provides a driver with a 12.36% faster Time-To-Warn (TTW) than the Odenthal rollover index and an enough TimeTo-Respond (TTR) to take corrective measures. Thus, the modified Odenthal rollover index algorithm provided a more effective early warning system that significantly reduces rollover accidents.

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