Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using potassium hydroxide alkaline catalyst

Tuan Zakaria, Tuan Ismail (2022) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using potassium hydroxide alkaline catalyst. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Oil prices have risen due to increased energy demand and the depletion of petroleum supplies throughout the world. Petroleum reserves depletion is an issue inherent with this form of fossil energy. Biodiesel is an alternative energy source that has the potential to be developed. The production of biodiesel from cheap and unwanted sources which is waste cooking oil (WCO). Methanol is frequently utilised in the preparing of biodiesel production due to its low cost, availability and easily acquire. Normally, the reaction that requires to produce biodiesel was strong base catalyst such as potassium hydroxide that can form methyl esters. The reaction that mentioned above is called transesterification. Transesterification has been found to be dependent on characteristics including the effect of alcohol, catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature and alcohol molar ratio. A few steps that require to produces the biodiesel which is buy the raw feedstock oil that is waste cooking oil. After that, determination of acid value for raw waste cooking oil, prepare the solution of potassium hydroxide for the titration process. Next, base catalysed transesterification is done by heat the mix solvent of catalyst and waste cooking oil. After 24 hours, washing the oil in separation funnel using distilled water to remove impurities, including unfiltered particulates, methanol, and glycerine. Drying process is the next step to evaporate the residual water in the product. After all the process are done, find the acid value, density and flash point of biodiesel product. The best molar ratio to oil was 15:1 with 1.5% of potassium hydroxide (KOH), which is value of the percentage of yield is 81.50%, value of acid value is 0.3366, value of FFA is 0.1683%, value of density is 845.03 kg/m3 and value of flash point is at 182 °C. All the variables involved such as molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature and stirring effect will be emphasis in order to obtain high production yield according to ASTM D6571 and EN 14214 standards.

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