Electrospinning PVA nanofibres study on different physical parameters using factorial design method

Junus, Ida Najiha (2022) Electrospinning PVA nanofibres study on different physical parameters using factorial design method. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Nowadays, electrospinning is a simple and fast technique for producing fibers with nanoscale diameters from various types of polymers. These nanofibers exhibit several important characteristics such as a surface area with volume ratio, high porosity, and superior mechanical properties. Nanofiber air filtration applications for the industry are of concern at present. The use of Design of Experiment (DOE) software was used as an application to generate 19 samples. In this study, 19 samples were used containing a variety of concentrations, distances, voltages, and feed rates. It is also known as the input variable factor. Consumption concentration between 8wt% to 12wt%, Distance between 10cm to 20cm, voltage between 10kV to 20kV and feed rate is between 1mL/h to 2mL/h. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) has been used with tap water as a solvent. Electrospinning samples were used to study the Average Fiber Diameter (AFD) using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). SEM sample results show AFD is from between 325nm to 992nm. Furthermore, to study the degree of water absorption of the sample, 5µl of distilled water was dripped onto the sample. Next, the picture was taken using Contact Angle (CA) measurements and analyzed using ImageJ software. The results of the study have also shown that the CA sample yield is between 49.07º to 80.83º. After data analysis and experiments, it was found that the sample containing parameters for 15kv voltage, 15cm distance, 10wt% concentration, and 1.5mL/h feed rate was the optimal sample with 500nm data for SEM and 67.23º for CA. Furthermore, the results of studies for DOE software have shown that AFD results are influenced by concentration, distance, voltage, and feed rate. In addition, the results of the study also show that CA results are influenced by distance, concentration, voltage, and feed rate. Both reactions of these output variables i.e. AFD and CA show that the feed rate is less influential of the sample compared to the others. ANOVA for the factorial model showed that it was significant for AFD is 0.0077 and CA is 0.0204. This is because it shows the interference during the experiment is less than 0.0500. Moreover, the Regression Analysis (R²) also showed a good value when AFD reached 0.999 and CA reached 0.0204 as it approached 1.0000. A value of the coefficient of determination R² approaching 1.0000 is justified because it proves that most of the variability in the response variables is adequately explained by the variability of all factors. Having made experiments and analysis proved that the use of PVA is not suitable for air filtration applications because it is categorized in the hydrophilic category which has an angle between 0º to 90º.

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