Analysis of dynamical stability for synchronous generators through swing equation

Masdzarif, Nur Diana Izzani (2021) Analysis of dynamical stability for synchronous generators through swing equation. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The dynamics of synchronous generator is highly depending on synchronizing power coefficient, per unit inertia constant and damping coefficient. As such, the stability and transient performance of the synchronous generator through swing equation are also depending on these three parameters. This is because, any small changes in synchronizing power coefficient will affect the damping ratio and natural frequency of the generator and hence affect the transient performance. Thus, the need for studying the effect of synchronizing power coefficient towards the stability of synchronous generator through swing equation is a must. The designing of controller is also needed to improve dynamic stability and oscillation within stability range. Therefore, this research proposes to develop a mathematical model of synchronous generator through swing equation, to analyse the effect of synchronizing power coefficient towards synchronous generator’s stability and the design of controller to analyze the stability of synchronous generator. The proposed methodology consists of five phases. Firstly, the development of swing equation, a mathematical model of synchronous generator which contains the three elements that affect the synchronous generator’s dynamics. Second, the study on power angle curve where the steady-state stability limit will affect the swing equation. This combination of synchronous machine model equation with swing equation then led to the analysis of steady-state stability and its performance since it includes the damping coefficient and damper frequency. The fourth phase is the state feedback controller design by pole placement method and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method. In order to verify the stability and transient performance of synchronous generator, a simulation through MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used. It is observed that, the stability of the synchronous generator is highly depends on the value of synchronizing power coefficient, Ps since Ps affects the pole location of the synchronous generator. When Ps is positive, the system is in marginally stable. However, when Ps is negative, the system is unstable. For the controllers’ design, there are pros and cons between these controllers. The state feedback controller by pole placement method has the shortest stabilizing time compared to LQR method. But the LQR controller produces lower energy while stabilizing the system. Thereby, LQR controller is better than state feedback controller by pole placement method.

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